-en это
EN
[ən] [t] [d] [n̩] [ˈfæt.n̩] [-ɪŋ] [ˈfæt.n̩.ɪŋ] [ˈfæt.nɪŋ] [ɡɑː(ɹ)d.nə(ɹ)] [ˈlaɪt.n̩.ɪŋ] [ˈlaɪt.nɪŋ] [ɛnˈlaɪt.n̩.ɪŋ] [ɛnˈlaɪt.nɪŋ] - Суффикс (Suffix)
- Denotes the past participle form when attached to a verb.
- As in take, taken; forgive, forgiven; prove, proven
- The -en suffix is also used formally to denote any English past participle, even if it does not use the suffix.
- Such a use may be described formally as cook + -en → cooked
- Denotes a quasi-past participle or participle-like adjective when attached to a noun or verb.
- As in forken ( "forked" )
- Can be used to denote the plural form of a small number of English words, the majority of whose etymology goes back to the N-stem (i.e. Weak noun) declension of Germanic languages.
- Examples: aurochs, aurochsen[1]; bee, been; brother, brethren[1]; child, children[1]; cow, kine; knee, kneen; eye, eyen; hose, hosen; house, housen; ox, oxen[1]; shoe, shoon; sister, sistren; tree, treen, swine
- When attached to certain adjectives, it formed a transitive verb whose meaning is, to make (adjective). Usually, the verb is ergative, sometimes not. The same construction could also be done to certain (fewer) nouns, as, strengthen, in which case the verb means roughly, to give (noun) to.
- Suffix meaning "pertaining to", "having the qualities of", "resembling", "like".
- elfin, wolven, peachen
- When attached to certain nouns that are the names of a material, it forms an adjective whose meaning is, made of (noun). This is a formative pattern with many obsolescent remnants. Changes in the form of the root noun, and the dropping of the "e" in the suffix occur. There are also orphan formations whose root has been lost to the current language.
- Current examples: wood, wooden; gold, golden; brass, brazen
- Obsolete examples: bronze, bronzen; silver, silvern
- Orphan examples: linen (flax was called lin).
- Used to form the diminutives of certain nouns.
- chicken
- maiden
- kitten
- (obsolete) Used to form the infinitive of verbs.
- (obsolete) Used to form the third person plural present tense of verbs.
- Denotes the past participle form when attached to a verb.
- Другие примеры
- Используется в середине предложения
- Such a use may be described formally as cook + -en → cooked
- The -en suffix is also used formally to denote any English past participle, even if it does not use the suffix.
- Используется в середине предложения
Definition of -en in English Dictionary
- Часть речи Иерархии (Part-of-Speech Hierarchy)
- Морфемы
- Суффиксы
- Прилагательное формирования суффиксов
- Флективных суффиксы
- Именные формирования суффиксов
- Глагол формирования суффиксов
- Прилагательное формирования суффиксов
- Суффиксы
- Морфемы
Источник: Викисловарь
Грамматически, это слово "-en" является Морфемы, более конкретно, Суффиксы.